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BASE STATION FACT SHEET0 pages
Base Station Solutions
Introduction
The evolution of mobile phones as Smart Wireless Devices and the explosion of devices such as tablets have created a capacity
challenge for the mobile networks, starting from the Base Station to the Mobile Backhaul. New initiatives such as Small Cells
reduce the pressure of capacity crunch and coverage limitations, but the importance of Macro Base Stations remains high. With
the transition to the packet based backhaul mechanisms, the synchronisation implementations of the Macro Base Stations have
become extremely challenging.
Rakon offers a unique range of OCXOs ideal for Base Station application requirements.
Synchronisation Requirements
Synchronisation Challenges
The challenges in Macro Base Station Synchronisation are
many. GPS or other GNSS methods are currently the primary
source of network timing, but there is increasing risk of loss
of synchronisation because of signal loss (urban canyons
or weather conditions for example) or jamming in various
situations.
Secondly, circuit switch networks are transitioning to packet
switched networks allowing the Base Stations to use
Synchronous Ethernet and packet based synchronisation
techniques. Unlike traditional synchronisation techniques,
packet based solutions transfer frequency and time,
complementing the GNSS based synchronisation solutions.
Radio
Technology
Base Station
Type
Frequency
Accuracy
GMS
Macro BTS
±50 ppb
CDMA 2000
Macro
Pico / Femto
±50 ppb
±100 ppb
±3 µs
WCDMA
Wide Area
Local Area
Home
±50 ppb
±100 ppb
±250 ppb
±3 µs (TDD)
Wide Area
Local Area
Home
±50 ppb
±100 ppb
±250 ppb
±1.5 µs (TDD)
LTE
(FDD &TDD)
Phase
Error
In most base station synchronisation implementations, GNSS is used the primary reference source. When GNSS signals fail,
the system may switch to packet based network synchronisation, which in turn may be supported by SyncE or traditional
synchronisation. When all synchronisation sources fail, systems fall back to local clock source to provide holdover. Depending on
the system requirements, required stability on the clock source is desired to achieve target holdover specifications.
Rakon OCXO Key Specifications
Frequency
Range
Stability
(FvsT)
Temperature
Range
Holdover
Stability
Ageing
Stability
Supported
Stability Level
RMO - MercuryTM
10 to 26 MHz
10 ppb
pk-pk
-40 to 85˚C
(20°C window)
< 100 µs/day
±1 ppb/day
Stratum 3
ROX - S4/T5
10 to 65 MHz
±5 ppb
-40 to 85˚C
< 50 µs/day
±1 ppb/day
Stratum 3E
ROX - T3
5 to 40 MHz
±1 to 5 ppb
-40 to 85˚C
< 15 µs/day
±0.5 ppb/day
Stratum 3E
ROX - T2
5 to 15 MHz
±0.2 ppb
-40 to 85˚C
< 5 µs/day
±0.05 ppb/day
Stratum 2
OCXO Family
New Zealand (HQ) Auckland | China Beijing, Shanghai & Shenzhen | France Argenteuil, Mougins & Pont Sainte Marie | Germany Bad Rappenau |
Singapore Singapore City | South Korea Seongnam City | Taiwan Taipei City | United Kingdom Harlow | United States Chicago & Silicon Valley
www.rakon.com
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